A detailed guide to CNC product usage precautions, covering key aspects such as equipment operation, maintenance, and safety regulations, to help ensure machining accuracy, extend equipment life, and ensure operational safety

I. Precautions Before Operation

Equipment Inspection

Confirm that the power and air/hydraulic systems are stable (voltage fluctuation ≤ ±10%).

Check the lubrication status of the guide rails and lead screws, ensuring sufficient lubricant (ISO VG32 or higher guide oil is recommended).

Verify the rigidity of the fixture/tooling to avoid machining vibrations (torque wrench tightening is recommended, bolt pre-tightening force error ≤ 5%).

Program Verification

A dry run simulation must be performed to confirm that there is no collision risk in the tool path.

Use simulation software (such as VERICUT) to check for logical errors in the G-code, focusing on:

Tool length compensation (G43/G44)

Overcutting in arc interpolation (G02/G03 radius check)

Tool and Workpiece Clamping

The tool clamping length should not exceed 4 times the diameter of the tool holder (e.g., Φ10 tool holder protrusion ≤ 40mm).

The workpiece fixture must ensure the 6-point positioning principle, with even clamping force distribution (using a dynamometer is recommended).

II. Key Control Points During Machining

Cutting Parameter Optimization

Follow the tool manufacturer's recommended parameters (e.g., Sandvik cemented carbide milling cutter cutting speed Vc = 150-300m/min).

For the first machining, use a stepped parameter test: start with 50% of the recommended value and gradually increase to the optimal state.

Real-time Monitoring

Listen for abnormal noise (spindle vibration value should be ≤1.5mm/s RMS).

Monitor the cutting load (ammeter fluctuation range ≤ 15% of the rated value).

Cooling and Chip Removal

Aluminum alloy machining: high-pressure internal cooling (pressure ≥ 7MPa) is recommended to prevent built-up edge.

Deep hole machining: use peck drilling cycle (G73/G83) with compressed air chip removal.

III. Safety Regulations

Personal Protection

Anti-splash safety glasses (ANSI Z87.1 standard) and noise-reducing earplugs (NRR ≥ 25dB) must be worn.

Do not wear gloves when operating rotating parts (to avoid the risk of entanglement).

Emergency Response

Familiarize yourself with the location of the emergency stop button (it must be reachable within 1 second).

In case of machining abnormalities, immediately execute M05 (spindle stop) + M30 (program end).

IV. Maintenance Schedule

V. Common Problem Solving

Dimensional Deviation

Check the backlash compensation (laser interferometer calibration, error ≤ 0.005mm).

Verify tool thermal expansion (preheat the spindle for 10 minutes before machining, enable temperature compensation).

Poor Surface Roughness

Increase the spindle speed (formula: Ra = 12.5 × (f²/r), f is the feed per tooth, r is the tool tip radius).

Use climb milling (G41 left compensation) to reduce chatter marks.

Abnormal Tool Damage

Check for chip winding (add chip breakers or adjust feed).

Check the workpiece material hardness (using a Rockwell hardness tester is recommended, deviation ≥ 5HRC requires parameter adjustment).

VI. Advanced Suggestions

Intelligent upgrade: install vibration sensors (such as Siemens SINUMERIK Analyze) to achieve predictive maintenance.

Energy efficiency optimization: enable standby energy-saving mode (reduce spindle no-load power consumption by more than 30%).

Note: Different brands of machine tools (such as MAZAK/HAAS/FANUC) may have special operating requirements. Be sure to consult the original factory manual! For complex failures, it is recommended to contact the equipment supplier for laser calibration or ball bar testing.